Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a widely recognized guideline used to measure the level of language proficiency a learner has achieved in a specific language. It was established by the Council of Europe and has been increasingly adopted by other countries.
If you’re learning English as an additional language (or any other language, in fact) this guideline is useful to understand how much you’ve achieved and how much you still need to do.
The CEFR established six (6) different levels of proficiency, namely: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. A1 and A2 refer to basic users of the language, B1 and B2 refer to independent users of the language, and C1 and C2 refer to proficient users of the language.
A more thorough description of each CEFR level can be seen below.
| Level group |
Level |
Description |
A
Basic user |
A1 |
- Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type.
- Can introduce themselves and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where they live, people they know and things they have.
- Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.
|
| A2 |
- Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment).
- Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters.
- Can describe in simple terms aspects of their background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.
|
B
Independent user |
B1 |
- Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc.
- Can deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling in an area where the language is spoken.
- Can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest.
- Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.
|
| B2 |
- Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialisation.
- Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
- Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.
|
C
Proficient user |
C1 |
- Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer clauses and recognise implicit meaning.
- Can express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions.
- Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.
- Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.
|
| C2 |
- Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read.
- Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation.
- Can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in the most complex situations.
|
